... both the individual and institutional levels, due for example to low levels of education and few computers, as well as relatively few specialists such as accountants, auditors, statisticians, and so forth. • Incentives are weak, in the sense that good performance goes relatively unrewarded and...

... between "willing" and "unwilling" leaders is not as precise as journalistic accounts may make it appear. Most people who are corrupt or who lead corrupt institutions are schizophrenic about corruption. They may sincerely loathe it and wish to eradicate it, while at the same time participating...

... impunity. As a result, people feel that awful sense of structural shame that characterizes underdevelopment. Its awful, but there is nothing one can do about it. Its part of the system, part of the culture. As one Italian said before the remarkable recent events, In some parts of the world...

... business transactions in the country in question. When deciding what to do first, one must keep in mind the need to begin with a quick success, and then attack areas with highest benefit-cost ratios. An anti-corruption effort should not try to do too many things at once, but to launch a...

... monopoly plus discretion minus accountability. Therefore, by "structural reforms" we mean actions that: • Limit monopoly: promote competition in the public and private sectors, avoid monopoly-granting regulations when possible (especially exchange controls and quantitative restrictions on...

... information presented here is based on the premise that in the end, it is the American people who know what is best for Americans, and not government officials. The United States has been in a recession since December, 2007, as defined by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a...

... the golden oldies will make it down to the local post office to collect their pensions. What happened to the days when grandparents sat you on their lap and told funny stories of their child hood? Kiddies of the 21st century now listen to tales of woe of how life was a struggle or the...

... the risk in the business environment and economic conditions of the country. Several issues related to economic policy and regulatory framework are referred to in the report. The type of data provided in this way is given in the appendix for about 100 countries. This type of data provided in...

... democracy, they have few projects that may be very useful potential sources in the future. International IDEA was created in 1995 by 14 countries for the purpose of promotion and advancement of democracy and improvement and consolidation of electoral processes world-wide. Today, the...

... economic and social rights. The second has sections on free and fair elections; the democratic role of political parties; government effectiveness and accountability; civilian control of the military and police; minimizing corruption. The third has sections on the media in a democratic...

... of other UN organizations, like UNIFEM, UNESCO, WHO, ILO and UNICEF. The issue of gender equality is most likely one of the most useful areas of the report that can be used in the measuring of democracy. But apart from that, the data about income distribution, accessibility of public services...

... magazine was 1843 when it started as a weekly news and international affair publication. It has evolved into a weekly magazine that targets people with main interest in Business, Economics, Global economy and Politics with above the average level of intelligence. Indeed it takes some effort...

... from its central office in New York. The organization publishes annual reports that are dealing with the issues of media freedom mainly, and on margins with issues of media standards and professionalism. Like the International Press Institute reports, the reports of CPJ are not prepared...

... mentioned sources are legislative framework in which media operate, legal restrictions in terms of access to information, restrictions on publishing of materials related to some “sensitive” topics, presence and broadness of anti defamation laws. They also record issues like governmental...

... Affiliates are unions, union confederations or peak level associations. Association maintains close links with different UN bodies and has consultative status in some of them. The area of concern of this organization are the respect and defense of trade union and workers' rights, the eradication...

... banal to state that there is no universally accepted definition of democracy, the seeming variety of definitions does, in fact, hide a good deal of agreement among expert users of the concept. As Samuel Huntington (1989: 15) once put it emphatically: “Schumpeter has won. His concept of...

... number of data about different cases of violations, the categories of violations, their magnitude and frequency. The sample that they have is much smaller then the AI sample. 66 countries were included into last report. HRW has a smaller number of permanent offices, some 7-8 regional offices;...

... and labor leaders; former senior government officials, scholars, writers and journalists. It conducts a large array of U.S. and overseas research, advocacy, education, and training activities that promote human rights, democracy, and free market economics, the rule of law, independent media,...

... IPI has two types of reports that are annual and that cover almost all countries of the world. The first report is the Death Watch that gives data on the number of killed journalist and media professionals in individual countries and gives brief description of the way those killings...

... the concept. For instance, Kenneth Bollen (1980) submitted that “[democracy] is the extent to which the political power of the elite is minimized and that of the non-elite is maximized”, while Robert Dahl (1971: 2) would “reserve the term 'democracy' for a political system one of the...

... is in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. First the study focused only on the countries that were receiving assistance from the United States. Later on it was developed to cover all the UN member countries. Since the reports contain qualitative information only, they cannot be directly...

... somehow make sense of my oscillating fervor for action with my ever growing apathy that nothing I do, say, or yell about really makes a difference these days. Truly disheartened, I often think too many of us are swirling in the blender of American "Idle" mixed with the media manipulation...

... In that period we have seen the emergence of evidence from variety of sources that gives some hint of the sheer scale of the bribery by companies headquartered in countries in the region. Western Europe and North America are home to the major exporting, construction and defence companies...

... Major western companies increasingly conscious of their public images want to be seen on the right side of the debate and more companies are implementing anti-bribery and corruption mission statements in to their company codes. A dramatic change of culture is unlikely until anti-bribery...

... the former management of the company had plundered millions of pesetas from the sale of the company. A separate problem, particularly in Germany and Austria, is that some commercial banks are still owned, if only in part, by the state. Some critics feel these hybrid banks tend to fall...